Abstract:
The need for compact, high-gain, wideband antennas that can facilitate high-speed and low-latency transmission has increased due to the rapid expansion of fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication. For 5G millimeter-wave applications, this paper details the design and performance analysis of a square microstrip patch antenna operating at a resonant frequency of 18.305 GHz. In order to achieve improved radiation characteristics and impedance matching, the antenna was constructed and examined using a full-wave electromagnetic modeling environment. With a return loss (S11) of -17.27 dB, the recommended antenna demonstrates effective impedance matching at the operating frequency. Additionally, it has an impedance bandwidth of 3.1 GHz, which makes it perfect for broadband 5G communication systems. The anticipated VSWR of 1.31 confirms effective power transmission with minimum reflection losses.Additionally, the antenna’s gain of 6.49 dBi and directivity of 8.41 dBi demonstrate adequate radiation performance for high-frequency wireless applications. The simulation results show that the proposed square microstrip patch antenna offers a well-balanced combination of compact dimensions, broad bandwidth, constant radiation characteristics, and effective performance. The proposed antenna is a feasible choice for next-generation 5G wireless communication systems, including fixed wireless access, high-speed mobile networks, and other millimeter-wave communication applications.
Cite this Article
Gagan Pal, Dr. Ram Milan Chadhar. Development and Performance Analysis of a Square Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna for Next-Generation 5G Communication. International Research Journal of Engineering & Applied Sciences (IRJEAS). 14(3), pp. 01-10, 2026. https://doi.org/10.55083/irjeas.2026.v14i03001
Abstract:
Cloud-native applications require reliable and efficient deployment mechanisms to ensure scalability, availability, and operational consistency. Kubernetes has become the leading container orchestration platform, while Helm simplifies application deployment through package-based management. However, conventional Helm-based deployment approaches primarily focus on deployment automation and provide limited support for intelligent validation, real-time resource monitoring, automated rollback, and integrated performance analysis. To address these limitations, this paper proposes an Intelligent Kubernetes Helm Automation Framework for cloud-native application deployment. The framework integrates automated Helm chart validation, intelligent deployment execution, resource monitoring, automatic rollback, and performance analysis into a unified deployment workflow. The proposed framework was implemented using Python, Kubernetes, and Helm, and evaluated through 50 deployment experiments under a controlled environment. Experimental results demonstrate that the framework successfully completed 49 deployments, achieving a 98% deployment success rate, while only one deployment required automatic rollback. The average deployment time was 51.91 seconds, with average CPU, memory, and disk utilization of 56.89%, 60.88%, and 48.89%, respectively. In addition, the framework achieved 20.35% resource optimization, while the intelligent rollback mechanism reduced the average rollback and recovery times to 0.80 seconds and 1.03 seconds, respectively. These results demonstrate that the proposed framework enhances deployment reliability, resource efficiency, and failure recovery, making it a practical solution for intelligent Kubernetes-based cloud-native application deployment.
Cite this Article
Lalit Giri, Dr. Arpita Gupta, Dr. Neha Jain. Design and Performance Evaluation of an Intelligent Kubernetes Helm Automation Framework for Cloud-Native Application Deployment. International Research Journal of Engineering & Applied Sciences (IRJEAS). 14(3), pp. 11-23, 2026.ttps://doi.org/10.55083/irjeas.2026.v14i03002
Abstract:
The health index of a power transformer is a key indicator used in condition monitoring to prevent failures and extend equipment life. Traditional condition monitoring techniques are costly, time-consuming, and susceptible to human error. Machine learning offers an alternative by learning from historical condition-monitoring data, handling large and complex datasets, and delivering higher predictive accuracy than conventional approaches. This study evaluates and compares the performance of several machine learning algorithms—including logistic regression, random forest, gradient boosting, and XGBoost—for predicting transformer health index. A dataset of 470 samples sourced from Kaggle was used, and experiments were conducted in Python using Google Colab. Results show that RF outperformed the other models, achieving the lowest MAE, RMSE, and MAPE values of 6.3348, 9.3721, and 26.0794, respectively, and the highest R² of 0.7435, indicating superior predictive accuracy. Future work will focus on data augmentation and hyperparameter tuning to further improve model performance.
Cite this Article
Jatinder Pal Singh, Yeshpal Singh, Rohit Kumar, Rishav. Evaluation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting the Health Index of Power Transformers. International Research Journal of Engineering & Applied Sciences (IRJEAS). 14(3), pp. 24-31, 2026. https://doi.org/10.55083/irjeas.2026.v14i03003