PREVIOUS ISSUES » Volume 14 Issue 1 January-March 2026

Abstract:

Understanding how variations in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) influence geomagnetic activity is essential for comprehending the interactions between the Sun and Earth. This study examines the quantitative relationship between IMF fluctuations and geomagnetic disturbances during Solar Cycle 25, considering both short-term variations and long-term trends. High-resolution data from near-Earth spacecraft, including measurements of IMF vector components and solar wind plasma parameters, were analyzed alongside global geomagnetic indices such as Dst and Kp. Statistical methods, including time-lagged cross-correlation and variance analysis, were applied to evaluate how interplanetary magnetic conditions affect geomagnetic responses throughout the solar cycle. Results indicate that periods of intensified southward IMF and increased magnetic variability are closely linked to elevated geomagnetic activity. Correlation strengths fluctuate systematically over the solar cycle, reflecting changes in solar wind conditions and the large-scale configuration of the solar magnetic field. These findings offer updated insights into solar wind–magnetosphere coupling under current solar conditions and contribute to improved understanding and forecasting of space weather phenomena.